Introduction

Selection Sort Technique: Selection Sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly selects the smallest (or largest, depending on sorting order) element from the unsorted portion of the array and places it in its correct position.
This technique gets its name because elements are "selected" one by one and sorted.

How can we sort an array?

• In Selection Sort, we start with the unsorted array.
• For each position, we traverse the remaining unsorted portion of the array.
• We find the smallest element in the unsorted section and swap it with the element in the current position.
• This process continues until the entire array is sorted.

Important Observations

• After the first pass, the smallest element is placed at the beginning of the array.
• After the second pass, the second smallest element is placed in the second position.
• After the third pass, the third smallest element is placed in the third position.
• This process continues until all elements are sorted.
• The array will be sorted in ascending order.

Key Characteristics:

• Iterative and comparison-based sorting technique.
• In-place sorting; no additional space required.
• Does not preserve the order of equal elements (not stable).
• Efficient for small datasets.

Advantages:

• Simple to understand and implement.
• Efficient for small datasets.
• Does not require additional memory space.

Disadvantages:

• Not efficient for large datasets.
• Time complexity is (O(n^2)) in the average and worst cases.
• Slower compared to advanced sorting techniques like Quick Sort or Merge Sort.

Time Complexity:

• Best Case: (O(n^2)) (as comparisons are always made).
• Average Case: (O(n^2)).
• Worst Case: (O(n^2)).